Pleural tumor in children - mesothelioma, symptoms and treatment of mesothelioma

Primary tumors of the pleura are extremely rare in children , usually in the tumor of the pleura is involved secondarily , tumors growing out of the lung or metastatic malignant tumors of internal organs.Of primary pleural tumors in children are described in the literature only a few observations of malignant tumors ( mesothelioma ) . Most pathologists believe that mesothelioma have cancerous nature and arise from the epithelial and subepithelial layers as the parietal and visceral pleura .Mesothelioma or grow as single solid tumors , or spread diffusely pleural cavity to form multiple nodes. Tumor sizes varied from small plaques to large solitary nodes occupying a significant portion of the thoracic cavity in children.Symptoms of pleural tumors . The clinic depends on tumor size and extent of pleural . The earliest symptom is the appearance of the patient pain during deep breathing and coughing. Much later , when the tumor becomes large , symptoms of compression of the chest : shortness of breath , coughing , etc. The children found mesothelioma , often by accident - in preventive radiological examination.X-ray picture is characterized by hemispherical , bumpy , homogeneous tumor shadow , usually its truncated surface adjacent to the chest wall . Variability in intensity of the shade and the tumor depends on its magnitude. When tumors , even moderate size , you can often see a change from the edges adjacent to the tumor (atrophy , uzuratsiya ) . To one of the early clinical and radiological signs include the presence of pleural effusion , initially serous and hemorrhagic then , when there is ulceration and tumor lysis .Most often have to differentiate mesothelioma from intrapulmonary formations in these cases in the absence of significant adhesions of greater value diagnostic pneumothorax . Almost insurmountable difficulties arise in differentiating mesothelioma tumors growing out of the other elements of the chest wall and bulges into the pleural cavity . The differential diagnosis should be borne in mind and chronic inflammatory processes: encysted empyema tuberculoma . In difficult cases, it is advisable to conduct diagnostic puncture.Correct diagnosis histomorphological tumor before surgery , especially in children , is extremely difficult to deliver . If you suspect a similar tumor shows thoracotomy .Treatment of pleural mesothelioma is its radical removal with adjacent tissues. When mesotheliomas costal pleura where a tumor has germination intercostal muscle was removed along with the tumor and ribs. When mesothelioma affecting visceral pleura and lung, produce forehead or pneumonectomy . Conservative treatment in the form of radiation and chemotherapy is ineffective.Forecast for pleural mesothelioma in children due to poor formation of metastases in a relatively early stage of the disease .