The prostate gland is located between the bladder and pelvic floor. It
forms the interface between the urinary tract and the genital tract of
man: in the area of the region enclosed by the prostatic urethra open
the vas deferens (the so-called seed hill): The urethra is the
Harnsamenröhre. Immediately below the prostate gland is the external urinary sphincter.
Histologically, there is the prostate from glands, connective tissue and smooth muscle. The glandular portion of the prostate gland produces secretions of the seminal fluid. The exact function of these secretions and thus the function of the prostate gland than is unclear. The muscle content of the prostate goes directly into the bladder neck (internal sphincter-). This muscle closes the bladder neck during ejaculation and provides for the discharge of the seminal fluid to the outside. If
the prostate or bladder neck surgically removed or cut, it can come to
the so-called "retrograde ejaculation": the ejaculation does not go
outside, but in the bladder.
With puberty, the prostate begins - to grow - under the influence of the male sex hormone testosterone. With the 20 Age it reaches the size of a chestnut and remains until about the 40thAge size constant. After this age, increasing histological changes, the 80th to the show Age virtually all affect men. At
50% of men these histological changes are accompanied by a growth in
size of the prostate gland, which is called benign (benign) prostatic
syndrome (BPS). 25% of men
experience symptoms like weakened urine stream, clustering of urination
and nocturnal urination, the treatment - require - medically or
surgically. The exact causes of the histological changes and the growth of the prostate with age are not fully understood.
The symptoms of prostate cancer do not differ from those of benign prostate enlargement. If
such symptoms are caused by prostate cancer, this is already well
advanced in most cases and has exceeded the organ boundaries. Goal,
it is logical to recognize prostate cancer before it worsens symptoms,
as it has the best chance of cure in this (limited to the organ) stage. This goal is achievable through the screening test that should be performed in men between 40 and 70 years. Significant
measure here is the determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA)
through a blood: at elevated PSA level is an increased likelihood that
prostate cancer is present. Other complementary measures are the palpation of the prostate and the ultrasound examination. In the synopsis of the findings, it is decided whether a biopsy of the prostate is required.
12 tissue samples taken from the prostate - When the biopsy with a fine needle under ultrasound control multiple, usually 10. These tissue samples are examined by the pathologist who ultimately diagnosed with prostate cancer secures or exclude. While
past been considered radical surgery (radical prostatectomy) as the
sole method of healing in Germany in the early stage, has undergone a
profound change here. Meanwhile,
both the radiation of the skin from the outside ("percutaneous"
radiation), or the radiation from the inside ("permanent seed implant")
are recognized as an equivalent alternative forms of treatments.
But also in a more advanced stage of cancer, an effective therapy to be performed. Thus,
40-60% of patients are still cured, with the remaining tumor growth but
can at least over a very long period stopped and discomfort are
avoided.
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