Cytological study: study of cells under a microscope by a pathologist physician for the presence of signs of the disease. Mesothelioma analysis gaining fluid collects around the lung or abdominal cavity. A pathologist examines the cells of the liquid.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and the patient's choice of its treatment.
Prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on the following factors:
Stage of malignancy.
Tumor size.
Will my complete surgical removal of the tumor (radical surgery).
The amount of fluid in the abdominal or thoracic cavity.
The patient's age and general condition, including the state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Type of mesothelioma cells and their appearance under the microscope.
Whether the cancer first diagnosed or recurrent disease.
Stages of malignant mesothelioma
Once a diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma doobsledovatsya necessary to determine the stage distribution process.
The procedure for verifying the prevalence of the esophagus and other organs and tissues is called staging. Based on the data staging set stage of the disease that affects the choice of a treatment plan. When staging the disease can apply the methods of diagnosis:
X-ray examination: X-ray of the organs and bones of the chest cavity X-rays - a stream of high-frequency radiation. With the passage of these rays through the body and onto film, remains the appropriate image of the internal organs and tissues.
CT scan: perform a series of detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues of the body from different angles. Images are displayed on a computer connected to the X-ray machine. It is also possible intravenous contrast material or taking it inside to enhance image clarity tissues. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): According to the method of analysis is based on THE FCC, through which a series of images obtained bone marrow. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUZD): introduction of the endoscope into the body through the mouth or rectum. Endoscope - a thin tool, shaped like a tube with a flashlight and a lens for viewing. Sensor at the end of the endoscope receives reflected from the internal organs and tissues of high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) and transmits the echo. The echoes form a picture of body tissues and organs, called a sonogram. This procedure is also called endosonography. EUZD can be used for fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lung, lymph nodes or other lesions.
Endoscopic needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance . An endoscope with an ultrasound probe and the biopsy needle is introduced into the oral cavity and esophagus. The probe emits sound waves that are reflected from the tissues and organs, creating an echo, forming a sonogram (computer picture) of the lymph nodes near the esophagus. Sonogram helps the doctor to properly install the needle for sampling cells or lymph node tissue. The resulting material was examined under a microscope for signs of cancer.
There are three ways of tumor spread throughout the body.
These include:
Germination in other tissues. Malignant neoplasm invades the surrounding normal tissue.
Through the lymphatic system (lymphogenous way). Tumor invades the lymph system and travels through the lymph vessels can get into other organs and tissues.
With the bloodstream (hematogenous). Malignant cells invades the veins and capillaries and blood are carried to other organs and tissues.
When the tumor cells through the bloodstream or lymphatic system are carried on the body may form another (secondary) tumor. This process is called metastasis. Primary tumor and secondary (metastatic) tumors belong to the same type of cancer. For example, if breast cancer spreads to the bones, the cancer cells found in the bone - is malignant breast cancer cells. And a lump in your bones attributed to metastatic breast cancer, not bone cancer.
Depending on the stage, malignant mesothelioma can be divided into two groups.
Malignant mesothelioma can be localized or widespread.
Localized Malignant Mesothelioma (Stage I)
When localized malignant mesothelioma cells are located only in the inner layer of the chest wall, and also in the tissues covering the lungs and the diaphragm bag covering the heart with the same side of the thoracic cavity.
Common mesothelioma (stage II, stage III, stage IV)
By common mesothelioma include stage II, stage III, stage IV.
In step II, the cancer cells are located in the inner layer of the chest wall and lymph nodes from the same side. Tumor cells are also defined in the lining layer of the lungs and the diaphragm bag covering the heart.
At stage III tumor also extends to:
Chest wall.
Sredostene.
Heart.
For diaphragm.
Peritoneum.
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